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The style direction of the Dixieland developed into the 1910er years from the imitation of the new Orleans jazz by white musicians and spread from New Orleans to Chicago and New York.
Style
With the Dixieland jazz withdraw in the comparison to the traditional new Orleans jazz the original clay/tone formation, sharpening tones, expressives Vibrato and the total expression. The melodies are smoother and the harmonies purer. Since beginning of the 1930er years is not Dixieland jazz however any longer sharply from the new Orleans jazz to be separated. In the course of the time musicians played both style directions independently of their skin color. Louis Armstrong for example played with its all star also Dixieland. Today there is three mainstreams of the Dixieland jazz: Chicago Style, west Coast Revival and new Orleans Traditional.
The typical occupation of a Dixielandformation is consisting trumpet or cornet, clarinet, trombone as the three main voices, as well as a group of rhythms of Schlagzeug, piano, retort bass and/or Sousaphon or tuba as well as banjo or guitar. General style characteristics are the collective improvisation, BREAK, the trumpet as Leadinstrument and the Umspielung of the melody by clarinet and trombone. The melodies and improvisations are often in-usually and usually artistically less ambitious.
Musical characteristics
The Dixieland jazz is particularly characterised by collective Improvisation and/or Variantenheterophonie, which is realised by the group of melodies. It concerns thus for example a kind call and answer function ( call and Response).
The group of rhythms is responsible for the “time Keeping” - thus speed stops -. Consisting of bass drum, tuba, retort bass, banjo and piano this takes over additionally the task of stressing the 1st and 3rd Zählzeit. With it concerns a further important characteristic of the Dixieland jazz - the “Two Beat”.
The primacy and/or Lead position of the trumpet is just as undisputed with the Dixieland jazz as with the new Orleans jazz. As further parts of the group of melodies the trombone for it forms a kind foundation voice, and the clarinet provides for a harmonious Umspielung trumpet parts.
Around Breaks, like e.g. , The piano worries rising up time BREAK with priority.
Contrary to the classical new Orleans jazz the melodies of the Dixieland jazz are more smoothly, the harmonies purer and the technology are more experienced. The components of the “ Hot Intonation”, thus Dirty of clay/tone (carelessly intonierte tones), “off Pitchness” (slight pitch deviations), Vibrato, Growling (clay/tone refraction by simultaneous playing of several tones), “Tailgate” of the Zugposaune (glissandoartige, thus sliding filling parts) and the Slapping of the retort bass (technology for producing an applauding noise) step with the Dixieland rather into the background. Also animal voice imitations can occasional be proven with works of the Dixieland jazz (e.g. with original Dixieland Jass volume: “Barn yard Blues”, 1917).
Origins
The historical predecessor was the music of the Street of volume: Marches, hymns, Negro Spirituals and Blues as well as the people music of the französischsprachigen inhabitants Louisianas. Also the rising up time flowed into the new Orleans jazz also.
Style-forming and causally for the spreading of the new style above all the original Dixieland Jass volume and those was new Orleans Rhythm Kings. For instance in the middle of the 1920er years developed from the Dixieland style Chicago jazz. End of the 1930er gave it a rereviving of the Dixieland, when one began in the Swing era to concern itself with the origins of the jazz. Bandleader such as Tommy Dorsey or Bob Crosby formed from the members of their Swingorchester Dixielandformationen for Schallplattenaufnahmen (so-called “bound within A bound”).
Revival
To Europe this style came only to the Second World War through volume as from Wilbur the De Paris. Into the 1950er years came it to a proper Dixieland Revival, which brought some titles even into the point of the disk sales. Dixieland was not played here partially no more in the original form. Rather were received also player driving from that new Orleans style and from the Skifflemusik. Names are connected with the Revival such as Chris Barber, field Bilk, Ken Colyer, Monty Sunshine or the Dutch Swing college volume.
Some Dixieland musicians
Some the bestverkauften and most well-known Dixieland artists of the post-war period:
- Tony Almerico, Trompeter, played Dixieland live in the CLEAR Channel WWL radio in new Orleans and in many Downtown hotels, it was an untiring promoter of this music.
- The Dukes OF Dixieland, the volume of the Assunto family in new Orleans. Successor volume today still plays in new Orleans.
- Eddie Condon, a guitarist and Bandleader, which operated a chain of night clubs in New York and admitted radio endings had. Successor volume played into the 70's and their style this very day one hears.
- Turk Murphy, a Posaunist and Bandleader with Earthquake McGoons and other scenes in San Francisco of the late 40ern to end of the 70's.
- Al herdsman, Trompeter with a series of Top-40-Hits into the 60ern, was up to its death Bandleader in new Orleans.
- Pete Fountain, Klarinettist, Leader of Popbands in new Orleans, today in pension.
- Kenny ball from England, had a Top-40-Hit with “Midnight in Moscow” into the late 60ern.
- Jim Cullum junior, cornetist from San Antonio (Texas). Led together with his father since 1963 of volume in San Antonio on, well-known as The Happy jazz volume. Today it leads the Jim Cullum jazz volume, which is to be heard already for a long time in US-Radioshows.
- Tim Laughlin, Klarinettist, favorite of Pete Fountain, it led some well-known of volume in new Orleans and often tourt the summer over in Europe.
Today's festivals
- The international Dixieland festival Dresden, of Europe largest old time jazz festival, always takes place in the second May week. One half million visitor experience annually within 8 days up to 350 musicians from all over the world with a multiplicity of meetings.
- A smaller event of names “Riverboat jazz festival” finds annually in the Danish Silke-borrows.
- The largest traditional jazz festival in the USA is the Sacramento jazz Jubilee. It takes place in Sacramento (California) on weekend of the Memorial Day. The event registers 100,000 visitors, it plays 150 of volume from the whole world. Other smaller festivals and jazz parties arose into the late 60ern, when the skirt revolution displaced many of the jazz night clubs.
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