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The Bebop is a music direction, at the beginning of the 40's 20. Century in the jazz replaced the Swing as main style direction and formed thus the origin decaying of the jazz.
Introduction
Substantial elements are larger rhythmic freedoms for Schlagzeug and bass, fast speeds and complex harmony patterns. Composers of the Bebop often fell back on existing musical topics and harmony successions and modified either the harmonious pattern or wrote new topics, which became fairer the mode of expression of the Bebop than the original topics (example: How high the moon ? Ornithology). Substantially for the Bebop are besides the improvisations on long formal distances.
With the Bebop the jazz says good-bye as maintenance music and gradually to the art music is stylized. This is based on the refusal of the Bebop by large parts of criticism and public as well as on a new understanding of the record as medium. The volatile improvisations of the musicians are stored by the record and bring out a collecting tank and a Expertentum - straight also in the white American middle class and under the European intellectual ones -. With the improved recording technology the soloist steps out more strongly ever than individual and artist personality. Never again however the jazz added itself into the picture, which one had made oneself before of it, into the picture of one for all accessible Popularkultur.
Emergence
Probably a concatenation of different factors led to the emergence of this new style. At the end of the 30's Swing had become a large business. The creative zenith of many Swingorchester was exceeded, and the music threatened to solidify in Formelhaftigkeit. Bored of the routine as „orchestra employees “numerous musicians - often „afterhours “, after they had settled their job in the Big volume - began to meet informal Jam sessions. Here one played and one searched for musical forms beyond the Big of volume. A crystallization point of this development was Minton's Playhouse in Harlem and not the 52nd Street in Manhattan, as is often falsely stated. To the most important musicians of this circle Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Charlie Christian, Thelonious Monk and Kenny Clarke belonged. In addition it is assumed that the tax increase which can be attributed to the war entrance of the USA 1941 undermined the economy of the Big of volume on Tanzveranstaltungen gradually, so that the fall of the Swing accelerated and the development of the new style in form of an autonomous art music favoured.
Small volume, which developed the new jazz style, not this was considered in their self understanding as dance or maintenance chapels and was also not, why the owners of the night clubs were not occupied with the war-conditioned special taxes, if they engaged young trembling OI musicians with their Combos. Because of the Recording ban no studio photographs from the developing phase of this style exist; exists only some private, technically very insufficient Live Mitschnitte out „Minton's Playhouse “and „to Monroe's Uptown House “.
One says also that the Bebop developed as reaction of the afroamerikanischen population to the Swing dominated of the white ones.
The name Bebop
The origin of the term „Bebop “is, as so often in the jazz, clarified and it does not give many legends completely over the emergence of this term. „It probably decreases/goes back on the loud-pictorial Scat syllables „fuel element “, „RH “, „de “and „bop “, with whose assistance musicians tended to before-sing itself among themselves to complicated lines in fast speeds. The term Bebop represents besides in particular the questionableness of such generic names in the jazz. “That is probably the most probable of all offered explanations, which there are; whereby this name, like so often in the music, comes not of the musicians themselves, but from the press.
Characteristics of the Bebop
More complicated than the Swing, more Soli, more improvisation. The third blue note: Flatted fifth, thus the tri tonus, which emerges as interval in different places. Saxophone and trumpet play unisono (the same).
- Return of the Big volume of the Swing to the Combo
- Phrasierung torn off, torn off melody
- no reef
- complicated Harmonik
- excessive and/or decreased Septakkorde
- each clay/tone of the chord can be degraded and increased
- often “harder” one plays (stress usually on 1 and 3)
Standard occupation
Quintett: Trumpet, saxophone (usually alto or tenor), piano, retort bass, Schlagzeug. Bigbands were rather rare (an exception forms the orchestra of Dizzy Gillespie).
Important albums
- Charlie Christian: Swing ton of Bebop (Dreyfus, 1939-41)
- Dizzy Gillespie: The Complete RCA Victor Recordings (Bluebird, 1937-49)
- Howard McGhee: On dial - The Complete session 1945-1947 (Spotlite)
- Thelonious Monk: The genius OF decaying Music, volume 1 & 2 (Blue note, 1947-48)
- Fats Navarro: The Complete Fats Navarro on Blue note & Capitol (Blue note, 1947-49)
- Charlie Parker: The Charlie Parker story (Savoy, 1945), The Complete Savoy and dial studio Recordings (Savoy, 1944-48)
- Charlie Parker: Confirmation (Verve, Compilation of the Quintett photographs for Mercury, 1949-53)
- Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Bud Powell, Charles Mingus, max of Roach: The Quintet - to Live RK Massey resound (OJC, 1953)
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