Coolly jazz is end of the 1940er years in New York, the USA from the black Bop from progressive, afro American and white jazz musicians developed style direction of the fastidious, konzertanten jazz, which - partly over the Modal jazz - to the classical Free jazz of the early 1960er leads years.
Development and protagonist
Some musicians appeared with the formal restrictions of the Bebop dissatisfied. As consequence one tried to structure the pieces stronger by composed and improvised parts which entailed complex arrangements. Later also elements of the European concert music were integrated. Many musicians coolly of the jazz had academic training as musicians and understood their music clearly as “art” - music.
First, photographs boporientierte still strongly in the speed took among other things from the scene around Gil Evans Trompeter Miles Davis 1949/50 with his historical Nonett (quasi a small Thornhill orchestra); these found however only later than long playing record Birth OF the cool (1953 and/or 1957) together and also outside from musician circles which is entitled attention. As substantial Beiträger are here beside Evans and Davis Gerry Mulligan (1927-96; bs) and John Lewis (1920-2001; p) to call.
To the fathers coolly of the jazz Lennie Tristano (1919-78) with its pupils and fellow players Billy farmer belong in a second circle still the white pianist tremble-opera-rehearsed pulled from Chicago also to 1946 to New York and (1915-2005; g) and warn march (1927-87; ts), as well as from the Thornhill crew the umtriebige Lee Konitz (* 1927; as), which participated at that time as soloist in the photographs of Davis Birth OF the cool. Particularly the Tristano school stood for the music-theoretical conceptions of George Russell (* 1923; comp, arr) close, which it concept in the book The lydian chromatic OF tonally organization (1953 & 2001 publish) laid down and which also to the Modal jazz led. The likewise 1949 photographs co-ordinated by Tristano with a Quintett and/or a Sextett have still greater importance” after Andre Asriel for coolly the jazz (and later jazz styles) “possibly than the photographs of the Nonetts around Davis. The music sounded somewhat ‚constructionalistic `cool with Tristano as with Evans and Davis.
The New Yorker coolly jazz - as cooperative artistic argument primarily whiter and some black musicians around a fastidious new Idiom early ‚decaying of the jazz `- worked in the following also at the west Coast: Knocked against by the activity of Gerry Mulligan 1952 in San Francisco developed at the west coast a regional cool variant; this west Coast jazz with representatives such as Chet Baker or Chico Hamilton had a further radiant emittance, mainly also on the European jazz (e.g. on Hans vest).
Among the protagonists coolly of the jazz also the pianist Dave Brubeck and his saxophonist of many years Paul Desmond as well as George Shearing, Jim resound and ranked a decaying jazz Quartet with John Lewis, Milt Jackson, Percy Heath, Kenny Clarke and late Connie Kay.
Style
Coolly jazz is not cool music. The term “coolly” refers to a basic attitude of making music. Contrary to the Bebop the play ideal coolly of the jazz is introvertiert rather. Often it is preferred also as reaction to the hectic Bebop regarded, since that is rather konzertant oriented coolly jazz, slower speeds and melody sheets swung far.
Composition such as improvisation develop on an intellectual art understanding. In contrast to the Bebop as a solistisch aligned style plays in coolly the jazz the ensemble play an important role. Soli now embedded into complex arrangements, which experiment with sound and sound gradations. The Improvisation techniques coolly of the jazz correspond further to those of the Bebop. Musicians such as Tristano or John Lewis developed besides a technology “motivischer improvisation”, which reminds of the motivische work of European concert music, however in the tradition of the jazz improvisation “spontaneously” invented, thus not in the kompositorischen sense are through-planned. Also collective improvisation is in coolly the jazz.
Stilistisch has that coolly jazz of the circles around Evans/Davis and on the other hand Tristano
- vibratolose, often absorbed to verhauchte clay/tone giving (soloist Miles Davis)
- the usually sliding melody movement (“relaxed”) with long-drawn-out tones and often “kidnapped” cliche employments
- Preference of Quintett (Davis) and Nonett to Big volume (Davis, Evans)
- Preference from trio to Sextett (Tristano) from piano, guitar, bass plus if necessary Schlagzeug, trumpet, saxophone)
- classical/polyp-hone elements, e.g. to late 19. and early 20. Century such as Delibes, Debussy, Ravel, de Falla, Rodrigo (Evans/Davis) or Weill (Evans) or brook and beautiful mountain (Tristano) were included.
Important albums
- Dave Brubeck: Time Out (Columbia, 1959)
- Miles Davis and the Metronome universe of star: Birth OF the cool (Capitol, 1949/50)
- Stan Getz: The Complete Roost session (Roost, 1950-54)
- Jimmy Giuffre: Western Suite (Atlantic, 1958)
- Lee Konitz: Subconscious Lee (Prestige/OJC, 1949/50)
- Shelly man: RK the Blackhawk (Contemporary/OJC, 1959)
- Decay jazz Quartet: Django (prestige (OJC, 1953-55)
- Decay jazz Quartet: Dedicated ton of Connie (Atlantic, 1960)
- Gerry Mulligan and Chet Baker: The original Quartet (Blue note, 1952/53)
- Shorty Rogers: Shorty Rogers Courts the COUNTs (RCA, 1954)
- Lennie Tristano: The Complete Lennie Tristano (Mercury, 1946/47)
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